Study on related factors and characteristics of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

From January 2019 to December 2021, overweight and obese children who visited in health outpatient Center of Hunan Children's Hospital were studied to explore and analyze the rate, related factors and patterns of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. Association rules (apriori algorithm) were used to explore the multimorbidity patterns of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. A total of 725 overweight and obese children were included in this study. The multimorbidity rate of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children was 46.07% (334/725). Age, waist circumference, the frequency of food consumption such as hamburgers and fries and adding meals before bedtime were multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. The multimorbidity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was relatively common. The patterns with the top three support degrees were "NAFLD+dyslipidemia","NAFLD+hypertension" and "NAFLD+hyperuricemia". The patterns with the top three confidence and elevation degrees were "Hypertension+dyslipidemia => NAFLD","Hyperuricemia => NAFLD" and "NAFLD+hypertension => dyslipidemia".

The degradation of plastics and the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) / 生物工程学报

In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling via PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.

Prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of delirium in intensive care unit patients: a prospective observational study / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, duration and outcome of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.@*METHODS@#A prospective observational study was conducted for critically ill patients admitted to the department of critical care medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from September to November 2021. Delirium assessments were performed twice daily using the Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) and confusion assessment method of ICU (CAM-ICU) for patients who met the inclusions and exclusion criteria. Patient's age, gender, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) at ICU admission, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) at ICU admission, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), diagnosis, type of delirium, duration of delirium, outcome, etc. were recorded. Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups according to whether delirium occurred during the study period. The clinical characteristics of the patients in the two groups were compared, and risk factors for the development of delirium were screened using univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 347 ICU patients were included, and delirium occurred in 57.6% (200/347) patients. The most common type was hypoactive delirium (73.0% of the total). Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in age, APACHE score and SOFA score at ICU admission, history of smoking, hypertension, history of cerebral infarction, immunosuppression, neurological disease, sepsis, shock, glucose (Glu), PaO2/FiO2 at ICU admission, length of ICU stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.045, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.027-1.063, P < 0.001], APACHE score at ICU admission (OR = 1.049, 95%CI was 1.008-1.091, P = 0.018), neurological disease (OR = 5.275, 95%CI was 1.825-15.248, P = 0.002), sepsis (OR = 1.941, 95%CI was 1.117-3.374, P = 0.019), and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.005, 95%CI was 1.001-1.009, P = 0.012) were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. The median duration of delirium in ICU patients was 2 (1, 3) days. Delirium was still present in 52% patients when they discharged from the ICU.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of delirium in ICU patients is over 50%, with hypoactive delirium being the most common. Age, APACHE score at ICU admission, neurological disease, sepsis and duration of mechanical ventilation were all independent risk factors for the development of delirium in ICU patients. More than half of patients with delirium were still delirious when they discharged from the ICU.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous sucrose iron therapy for recurrent iron deficiency anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.

Clinical and gene mutation characteristics of patients with hereditary ellipsocytosis: nine cases report and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To report gene mutations in nine patients with hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) and analyze the characteristics of pathogenic gene mutations in HE. Methods: The clinical and gene mutations of nine patients clinically diagnosed with HE at Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital from June 2018 to February 2022 were reported and verified by next-generation sequencing to analyze the relationship between gene mutations and clinical phenotypes. Results: Erythrocyte membrane protein gene mutations were detected among nine patients with HE, including six with SPTA1 mutation, one with SPTB mutation, one with EPB41 mutation, and one with chromosome 20 copy deletion. A total of 11 gene mutation sites were involved, including 6 known mutations and 5 novel mutations. The five novel mutations included SPTA1: c.1247A>C (p. K416T) in exon 9, c.1891delG (p. A631fs*17) in exon 15, E6-E12 Del; SPTB: c.154C>T (p. R52W) ; and EPB41: c.1636A>G (p. I546V) . Three of the six patients with the SPTA1 mutation were SPTA1 exon 9 mutation. Conclusion: SPTA1 is the most common mutant gene in patients with HE.

Efficacy and safety of dual drug regimen in patients with hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and upper gastrointestinal bleeding / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of dual drug regimen in the treatment of Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:Sixty patients with hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to the Eighth Medical Center of the 301 Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into the control group (30 cases) and the observation group (30 cases). They were treated with omeprazole and omeprazole combined with octreotide respectively for 72 hours. The clinical efficacy, hemostasis time, hospital stay, hemoglobin, serum glucagon levels, adverse reactions and rebleeding rate were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the observation group was 93.33%(28/30), significantly better than 76.67%(23/30) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The hemostasis time and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the hemoglobin level in both groups was higher than that before treatment, and the serum glucagon level was lower than that before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); After treatment, the hemoglobin level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the serum glucagon level was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (all P>0.05). The 48 hour rebleeding rate in the observation group was 3.33%(1/30), lower than the 26.67%(8/30) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The dual drug regimen for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with upper gastrointestinal bleeding can effectively control the bleeding symptoms, improve the hemostasis effect, lower the serum glucagon level, reduce the risk of rebleeding, and its safety is worthy of recognition.

Factors influencing pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients and their predictive values: a data analysis for consecutive four-year / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing pulmonary infections in elderly neurocritical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to explore the predictive value of risk factors for pulmonary infections.Methods:The clinical data of 713 elderly neurocritical patients [age ≥ 65 years, Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 12 points] admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether or not they had HAP, the elderly neurocritical patients were divided into hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) group and non-HAP group. The differences in baseline data, medication and treatment, and outcome indicators between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of pulmonary infection.The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted for risk factors and a predictive model was constructed to evaluate the predictive value for pulmonary infection.Results:A total of 341 patients were enrolled in the analysis, including 164 non-HAP patients and 177 HAP patients. The incidence of HAP was 51.91%. According to univariate analysis, compared with the non-HAP group, mechanical ventilation time, the length of ICU stay and total hospitalization in the HAP group were significantly longer [mechanical ventilation time (hours): 171.00 (95.00, 273.00) vs. 60.17 (24.50, 120.75), the length of ICU stay (hours): 263.50 (160.00, 409.00) vs. 114.00 (77.05, 187.50), total hospitalization (days): 29.00 (13.50, 39.50) vs. 27.00 (11.00, 29.50), all P < 0.01], the proportion of open airway, diabetes, proton pump inhibitor (PPI), sedative, blood transfusion, glucocorticoids, and GCS ≤ 8 points were significantly increased than those in HAP group [open airway: 95.5% vs. 71.3%, diabetes: 42.9% vs. 21.3%, PPI: 76.3% vs. 63.4%, sedative: 93.8% vs. 78.7%, blood transfusion: 57.1% vs. 29.9%, glucocorticoids: 19.2% vs. 4.3%, GCS ≤ 8 points: 83.6% vs. 57.9%, all P < 0.05], prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte count (LYM) decreased significantly [PA (g/L): 125.28±47.46 vs. 158.57±54.12, LYM (×10 9/L): 0.79 (0.52, 1.23) vs. 1.05 (0.66, 1.57), both P < 0.01]. Logistic regression analysis showed that open airway, diabetes, blood transfusion, glucocorticoids and GCS ≤ 8 points were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients [open airway: odds ratio ( OR) = 6.522, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 2.369-17.961; diabetes: OR = 3.917, 95% CI was 2.099-7.309; blood transfusion: OR = 2.730, 95% CI was 1.526-4.883; glucocorticoids: OR = 6.609, 95% CI was 2.273-19.215; GCS ≤ 8 points: OR = 4.191, 95% CI was 2.198-7.991, all P < 0.01], and LYM, PA were the protective factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients (LYM: OR = 0.508, 95% CI was 0.345-0.748; PA: OR = 0.988, 95% CI was 0.982-0.994, both P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting HAP using the above risk factors was 0.812 (95% CI was 0.767-0.857, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 72.3% and a specificity of 78.7%. Conclusions:Open airway, diabetes, glucocorticoids, blood transfusion, GCS ≤ 8 points are independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients. The prediction model constructed by the above mentioned risk factors has certain predictive value for the occurrence of pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients.

Comparison of minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and posterolateral locking plating for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and those of posterolateral locking plating in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the data of 48 patients who had been operatively treated and completely followed up at Department of Orthopedics, Suqian Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures from October 2016 to October 2020. There were 26 males and 22 females, aged from 35 to 68 years. They were divided into a minimally invasive group (25 cases subjected to minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing) and an incision group (23 cases subjected to posterolateral locking plating) according to their surgical methods. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, cumulative fluoroscopy time, hospital stay and posterior inclination angles of the tibial plateau and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after operation were compared between the 2 groups. Complications in the 2 groups of patients were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The 48 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average 16.5 months). The minimally invasive group was significantly better than the incision group in operation time [(42.6±9.1) min versus (65.7±11.5) min], incision length [(4.0±0.4) cm versus (15.0±1.5) cm], intraoperative blood loss[(22.6±5.8) mL versus (31.5±8.8) mL], hospital stay [(7.6±1.4) d versus (11.1±2.4) d], and HSS score one month after operation [(84.8±1.9) points versus (72.9±4.1) points], but the cumulative fluoroscopy time in the incision group [(4.1±1.4) s]was significantly less than that in the minimally invasive group [(22.3±4.2) s] ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fracture healing time, HSS scores at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months after operation, or posterior inclination angle of the tibial plateau between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were no such complications as wound infection, vascular injury, internal fixation failure, nonunion or malunion of fractures in either of the 2 groups. Two cases in the incision group presented with symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury but recovered 3 months after operation. Conclusions:Although both minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and posterolateral locking plating can achieve satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, the minimally invasive technique is preferable because it shows the advantages of a smaller incision, less bleeding, shorter operation time, a lower operation risk, quicker postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stay.

Characteristics of auditory steady-state response in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients under eye-open/closed state / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

Survey and analysis on digital construction of primary hospitals in Guizhou Province / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the utilization status and awareness of digital hospital construction among medical staff in critical care department of primary hospitals, so as to promote the process of digital medical health.Methods:One to two doctors and nurses (in the department on that day) from public hospitals in 88 counties and urban areas in 9 cities of Guizhou Province were enrolled of field investigation. The questionnaires form were filled in on-site and sorted out and analyzed by special personnel.Results:A total of 297 medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of 146 hospitals were included. All the questionnaires were filled in with their real names, including 152 doctors and 145 nurses. There were 24 class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals and 122 class Ⅱ and all the hospitals had implemented digital information management. The awareness of hospital digital information management system was generally low among the surveyed medical staff, and the awareness of hospital information system (HIS) was the highest (86.5%), followed by laboratory information management system (LIS, 41.4%) and image archiving and communication system (PACS, 40.7%). The awareness of hospital management system (HERP) was the lowest (7.7%). The total number of remote consultations conducted by hospitals using big data Internet was 25 428 times in 2020, with a median of 24.5 (88.0, 240.0) times in each hospital. From 2018 to 2020, the total number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital was 50 473, 57 565 and 57 907, respectively, of which the number of patients over 65 years old accounted for 37.47%, 41.26% and 43.31%, respectively (all P > 0.05). There were 4 242 cases of remote consultation using big data Internet in the department every year, with a median of 257.50 (96.50, 958.25) cases. 12.12% of the departments had independent critical monitoring systems, and 8.75% of them could capture data automatically to form tables. 96.30% of the medical staff participated in systematic and professional training on basic knowledge, basic theory and basic medical care skills through the Internet platform, and the number of meetings, studies and training in the provinces and prefectures were 282 and 357 times per year, respectively. More than 90% of the departments initiated remote consultation, arranged referral or admitted patients who had improved status after treatment in superior hospitals through the Internet platform. Most of the patients (69.02%) were from the lower level of the hospital. The total number of out-patient consultations was 2 959 times per year, with a median of 296 (185 473) times. 54.79% of the departments had fixed service villages, and 28.08% of the departments had fixed service population. The median furthest visit distance was 52.5 (30.0, 80.0) kilometers, and the median average visit distance was 30.0 (20.0, 50.0) kilometers. 54.88% of medical staff believed that the biggest difficulties encountered during house visits were insufficient energy and too large service groups or regions. More than 90% of medical staff had been exposed to cloud learning and cloud training, and most of the surveyed medical staff believed that cloud learning and cloud training greatly improved medical service capacity and service efficiency of medical institutions (71.04% and 67.01%, respectively). Meanwhile, they believe that "Internet + health big data" projects from various aspects brought advantage to medical institutions, but there are also low utilization rate of Internet medical equipment by village doctors, low acceptance for telemedicine and mobile hospitals by farmers. Conclusions:Guizhou public hospitals have implementation of digital information management at the grass-roots level, the surveyed health care workers have a relatively low awareness of the digital information management system, hospital use big data Internet for remote consultation is uneven, intensive care medicine is a clinical discipline used in most remote consultation information system, and can complete two-way referrals. In the past three years, the discipline operation showed an upward trend year by year. Medical staff use artificial intelligence devices such as cloud learning and training to improve medical service capacity and efficiency. The digital transformation of primary hospitals is being continuously improved.

Analyzing the influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among manufacturing painters / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) Methods among painters in the manufacturing industry. A total of 639 painters from one shipbuilding enterprise, one automobile manufacturing enterprise and three wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using typical sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was Results used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past one year, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs among painters in the manufacturing industry was 37.4%. The prevalence of WMSDs in different vs vs P industries from high to low was shipbuilding, automobile and furniture manufacturing (50.0% 38.7% 29.0%, <0.01). The prevalence of WMSDs in different parts of the body from high to low was neck, ankle/foot, shoulder, low back, upper back, knee, vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs P hand/wrist, hip/leg and elbow (20.7% 19.2% 17.4% 15.8% 14.1% 13.8% 13.5% 9.5% 6.6%, <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that working in uncomfortable postures was a risk factor for neck, ankle/ P P foot and shoulder WMSDs (all <0.01); long time head turning was a risk factor for neck and shoulder WMSDs (both <0.05); P overweight and obesity, and bending and turning frequently at the same time were risk factors for ankle/foot WMSDs (all <0.05); P adequate rest time was a protective factor for neck and ankle/foot WMSDs (both <0.01); participated in physical exercise more P than once a week was a protective factor of neck and shoulder WMSDs in painters (all <0.05), after excluding the influence of Conclusion confounding factors. The prevalence of WMSDs in manufacturing painters was high, and the main body parts E mail 4813545@qq.com E mail wangzhongxu2003@163.com· · 中国职业医学 年 月第 卷第 期 ， ， ， 482 2022 10 49 5 Chin Occup Med October 2022 Vol.49 No.5 involved were neck, ankle/foot and shoulder. The influencing factors include individual factors, poor ergonomics factors and unreasonable work organization.

Effect of Qingfei Jiangmai Decoction on Content of PM2.5-related Metabolites Mercapturic Acids in Urine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Qingfei Jiangmai decoction （QJD） on the content of mercapturic acids in urine in healthy people amid PM2.5 （particles 2.5 microns or less in size） pollution. MethodA total of 84 healthy students of 18-30 years old in Beijing were recruited and they were randomized into the test group （42 in total， with 1 dropout） and control group （42 in total， with 3 dropouts）. During the pollution， the test group and the control group respectively took QJD granules and placebo for 7 days （1 bag/time， 2 times/day）， and another 7-day intervention with the same drugs was performed at an interval of 4 weeks. The time-activity patterns were recorded during the intervention. On-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry （SPE-LC-MS/MS） was performed to detect the content of PM2.5-related metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid （SPMA）， 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid （3-HPMA）， 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid （HMPMA）， N-acetyl-S-（2-nitrile ethyl）-L-cysteine （CEMA）， and N-acetyl-S-（2-hydroxy ethyl）-L-cysteine （HEMA） in urine before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was followed. ResultThe content of CEMA， HEMA， 3-HPMA， and HMPMA in the test group was all higher after the intervention than before the intervention， with the significant difference in HEMA （P<0.05）. After intervention， content of HEMA and SPMA was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group （P<0.05）， and the difference in HEMA （Z=-3.614， P<0.01） and HMPMA （Z=-1.988， P<0.05） before and after invention in the test group was significantly larger than that in the control group. After the intervention， HEMA in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group （F=7.597， P<0.01）. ConclusionDuring PM2.5 pollution， QJD can increase the excretion of HEMA， a metabolite of ethylene oxide， in the urine of healthy people in Beijing， and enhance the detoxification process of toxic components in PM2.5， which is of great value in preventing and treating haze-related illnesses.

Effectiveness and Safety of Chinese Medicinal Injection in Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris Based on Network Meta-analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal injection （CMI） in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris （UAP）. MethodEight databases， i.e.， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），VIP，Wanfang Data，CBM，PubMed，EMBASE，The Cochrane Library，and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials （RCT） of conventional treatment combined with CMI （treatment group） versus conventional treatment （CT）（control group）in the treatment of UAP published from database inception to March 31th 2021. Stata 16.0 was used for network Meta-analysis. ResultThirty-nine RCT involving 3 407 patients were included. As revealed by the results of network Meta-analysis， in terms of the total effective rate in angina pectoris improvement， the therapeutic protocols were ranked as Tanreqing injection（TRQI）+CT>Xiangdan injection（XDI）+CT>Ciwujia injection（CWJI）+CT=Shengmai injection（SMI）+CT>Xuesaitong injection（XSTS）+CT>Breviscapine injection（BI）+CT>Shuxuetong injection（SXTI）+CT>Kudiezi injection（KDZI）+CT>Shuxuening injection（SXNI）+CT>Danshen injection （DSI）+CT>Guanxinning injection（GXNI）+CT>Dengzhanxixin injection（DZXXI）+CT>Xueshuantong injection（XSTI）+CT>Gualoupi injection（GLPI）+CT>CT；for the total effective rate in ECG improvement， SXTI+CT>XDI+CT>TRQI+CT>CWJI+CT>XSTI+CT>BI+CT>XSTI+CT>SXNI+CT>GXNI+CT>KDZI+CT>DZXXI+CT>GLPI+CT>CT>SMI+CT；for the adverse reactions， DZXXI+CT>XDI+CT>DSI+CT>BI+CT>SMI+CT>SXNI+CT>CT>GLPI+CT>GXNI+CT>SXTI+CT>KDZI+CT>CWJI+CT；for the reduction of fibrinogen （FIB）， BI+CT>SXTI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT>KDZI+CT；for the reduction of C-reactive protein （CRP）， DSI+CT>DZXXI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT；for the reduction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， SXNI+CT>KDZI+CT>SXTI+CT>DZXXI+CT>GLPI+CT>TRQI+CT>XSTI+CT>CT. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with those of the overall Meta-analysis. ConclusionCMI combined with CT can improve angina pectoris and ECG，reduce adverse reactions，and also improve FIB，CRP，and hs-CRP to varying degrees. However，due to the differences in the quality and quantity of CMIs in RCTs，clinical application should be performed based on the specific conditions.

Effect of Flexi-bar training in different exercise patterns on trunk stability muscles / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the effects of Flexi-bar training in different exercise patterns on trunk stability muscles.Methods From June, 2020 to January, 2021, 21 healthy men in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital finished Flexi-bar exercise in seven patterns in random order, namely no vibration, two hands-front vibration, dominant hand-front vibration, non dominant hand-front vibration, two hands-up vibration, two hands-down vibration and two hands-back vibration. The average voltage of electromyography of upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi and lumbar multifidus were recorded with surface electromyography during seven kinds of Flexi-bar exercise.Results The average voltage of lumbar multifidus was the most as two hands-front vibration (F=42.362, P<0.001); however, it was the most for upper trapezius and lower trapezius as two hands-up vibration (F > 10.935, P<0.001), it was the most for latissimus dorsi as two hands-back vibration (F=35.243, P<0.001), and it was the most for ipsilateral middle trapezius as non dominant hand-front vibration (F=40.400, P<0.001).Conclusion Flexi-bar training can effectively activate the contraction of trunk stability muscles, and it can be optimized in targeted patterns.

Progress of cellular growth factors in neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity / 中国康复理论与实践

@#With potent biological activities, cellular growth factors are polypeptide factors that primarily stimulate cell growth and proliferation. They participate in the regulation of not only normal physiological functions such as human embryonic development and cell growth, but also neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity in pathological processes such as nerve injury and recovery. Specifically, cellular growth factors have been shown to promote neuron survival, facilitate nerve regeneration and regulate synaptic plasticity, promote cell differentiation/vascular regeneration and modulate the microenvironment, promote nerve fiber myelination and improve nerve conduction. This review summarized current knowledge on the roles and various growth factors in neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity, providing an update on potential clinical application of cellular growth factors in the field of neural rehabilitation.

Diterpenoids from Rabdosia flexicaulis / 中国中药杂志

The genus Rabdosia is famous for the abundance of diverse and novel ent-kaurane diterpenoids. However, only a few ent-kauranoids have been discovered from R. flexicaulis since the investigation on its chemical constituents is not systematic. To find novel bioactive diterpenoids, the ethyl acetate extract of the above ground part of R. flexicaulis in Daofu County, Sichuan Province was obtained by column chromatography. One new compound and five known ones were identified as flexicaulin E(1), forrestin B(2), inf-lexarabdonin D(3), 7α-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(4), 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(5), and pomiferin F(6) by spectral techniques. Compounds 1-3 were the ent-kaurane diterpenoids isolated from this species for the first time. Compounds 4-6, aromatic abie-tanoids, were isolated from the genus Rabdosia for the first time.

Corrigendum to “Metabolic profiling of icaritin in rats using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS” Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (2019) 185–191 (Chinese Herbal Medicines (2019) 11(2) (185–191), (S1674638419300255), (10.1016/j.chmed.2019.03.008)) / 中草药·英文版

When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: The studies were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The animals were cared according to the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Geolocation Inference of Forensic Individual Origin by Soil Metagenomic Analysis / 法医学杂志

Objective To preliminarily discuss the feasibility of geolocation inference of forensic individual origin by soil metagenomic analysis. Methods The 33 soil samples from Heilongjiang, Qinghai and Tibet were collected, total bacterial DNA in the samples were extracted, and universal primers were used to amplify the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rDNA. The region was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing （HTS） with the MiSeq sequencer. Bioinformatics analysis such as species composition and sample comparison was performed on sequencing data. The richness index and diversity index were calculated based on operational taxonomic unit （OTU） results. Results A total of 2 720 149 sequences were generated by sequencing. Those sequences were clustered into 114 848 OTUs. The Chao1 indexes of soil microorganisms in Heilongjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet were 797.45, 745.11 and 535.98, respectively, and Shannon indexes were 6.46, 6.36 and 6.25, respectively. The number of bacterial species and the community diversity in the soil from high to low were Heilongjiang > Qinghai > Tibet. The composition of soil bacteria in three provinces at various classification levels were obtained, the dominant genuses in Heilongjiang were Chthoniobacteraceae DA101 and an unannotated genus of Thermogemmatisporaceae; the dominant genuses in Qinghai were an unannotated genus of Cytophagaceae and an unannotated genus of Nocardioidaceae; the dominant genuses in Tibet were an unannotated genus of Comamonadaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae Luteolibacter. The results of principal co-ordinates analysis demonstrated that, according to the weighted UniFrac analysis, the three principle components represented 56.36% of the total variable, and according to the unweighted UniFrac analysis, the three principle components represented 34.81% of the total variable. The samples from the same province could be clustered together, and the species and content of soil microorganisms from different provinces were significantly different. Conclusion Based on the metagenomic analysis method, soil samples from different regions can be effectively distinguished, which has potential application value in geolocation inference of forensic individual origin in the future.

Research Progress of Polypeptides Against Prostate Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Prostate cancer is an epithelial malignant tumor that occurs in the prostate. It is the most common cancer among men in the world. Its mortality rate is second only to lung cancer， which has seriously affected men's healthy life. Prostate cancer is not easy to be detected in the early stage. Most patients are already in the advanced stage and metastasized when they are diagnosed. At this time， radical surgery is not suitable for treatment. Advanced prostate cancer is mainly treated with endocrine therapy， but after a median time of 14-30 months， the patient will develop hormone-resistant prostate cancer and enter the advanced stage. Advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer is treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy， which， however， are not ideal for treating advanced prostate cancer. They can also cause serious side effects such as frequent urination， dysuria， urinary incontinence， rectal bleeding， loss of libido， hot flashes， and impotence， as well as generate multi-drug resistance. Therefore， it′s urgent to find a safe， effective and low-toxic anti-tumor drug. With the deepening of the research on the pharmacological effects of peptides， it has been proved that peptides have important application value in anti-fatigue， anti-aging， anti-inflammatory， antibacterial and anti-tumor. The anti-tumor peptides have attracted extensive attention in the field of anti-tumor research due to their high specificity， high bioavailability， good stability， low toxicity， low molecular weight， and easy synthesis. Pharmacological experiments have shown that polypeptides exert their anti-tumor effect mainly by inducing cell apoptosis， causing cell cycle arrest， inhibiting angiogenesis， and regulating immune function. This article summarized the related literature of peptides in recent years， the sources of peptides， the mechanisms and applications of peptides against prostate cancer for experimental research and clinical reference.

Field investigation of standardized construction of intensive care unit in county-level public hospitals in Dizhou City, Guizhou Province / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the standardized construction of critical care departments in different cities and counties of Guizhou province to promote the homogenization development of critical care medicine in Guizhou Province.Methods:Using research methods such as field investigation and data collection, the public hospitals of 88 counties and urban areas in 9 prefectures and cities of Guizhou province were divided into five routes: southeast, northeast, northwest, southwest, and Guiyang. To design the survey form for the standardized construction of ICU, the e-form was sent to the director of ICU or his/her designated personnel by email or wechat 2-3 days in advance. Check the authenticity of data item by item on site, and leave the hospital after checking the receipt form.Results:From April to July 2021, the survey and research data collection was completed for 146 public hospitals (excluding provincial hospitals) with intensive care departments in 88 counties and cities of 9 dizhou cities in Guizhou Province, including 24 Grade-Ⅲ Level A hospitals. 122 Grade-Ⅱ and above hospitals (including 8 Grade-Ⅲ Level B hospitals, 11 Grade-Ⅲ comprehensive hospitals, 97 Level-Ⅱ A hospitals, 3 Level-Ⅱ B hospitals, and 3 Level-Ⅱ comprehensive hospitals). 146 public hospitals have a total of 80 983 beds and 104 017 open beds. The department of Critical Care has 2 035 beds. The ratio of actual beds in ICU to total beds in hospital was 2.51%. From 1999 to 2010, 18 (12.33%) established departments, and from 2011 to 2021, 128 (87.67%) established departments. The total area of the discipline is 113 355.48 m 2, with an average bed area of 55.70 m 2. There were 97 hospitals with 1.5-2.0 m bed spacing, accounting for 66.44%, and 49 hospitals with 2.1- > 2.5 m spacing, accounting for 33.56%. The number of negative pressure wards: 1 in each of 43 hospitals, accounting for 29.45%; 103 hospitals did not have, accounting for 70.55%. The number of single rooms: 288 in 140 hospitals, accounting for 95.89%; 6 hospitals did not have, accounting for 4.11%. Central oxygen supply: 138 hospitals have (94.52%); 8 hospitals did not have, accounting for 5.48%. Natural ventilation: in 129 hospitals with 88.36%; 17 hospitals did not have, accounting for 11.64%. Specialized ICU construction: 66 hospitals, accounting for 45.21%; none in 80 hospitals, accounting for 54.79%. There are 3 712 doctors and nurses in 146 public hospitals. The total number of doctors was 1 041, and the ratio of doctors to beds was 0.51∶1. The total number of nurses was 2 675, and the ratio of nurses to beds was 1.31∶1. Conclusions:All 88 counties and districts in 9 prefectures and cities of Guizhou province have established intensive care medicine departments. The standardization of the discipline construction has been significantly improved. Lack of talents is still an important factor restricting the rapid development of the discipline.